2) A Rhino is Confident and Plans for Success: Sure thing that nobody is perfect. But just because you do not mean success is impossible. Rhinos have an optimistic view that success is possible. And since it is attainable a plan can be made for their goals to be a reality.
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Listeners will meet and join young Julio, who is taken on a quest into adulthood - as his grandfather reveals mysterious family secrets.Woven through the story are 12 principles of success including "Work Hard and God Will Prosper You", "Be Meek Before God, but Bold Before Men", "Live Debt-Free and Below Your Means", and "Set Aside the First 10 Percent to Honor God". The Legend of the Monk and the Merchant will change the way you think about your career, wealth, and success.
You Are a Badass at Making Money is a refreshingly frank and entertaining step-by-step guide to overcoming the fears and stumbling blocks that have kept financial success out of reach and to giving yourself the permission to make the kind of money you've never made before.
In the mode of other best selling business fables, The Energy Bus takes listeners on an enlightening and inspiring ride that reveals 10 secrets for approaching life and work with the kind of positive, forward thinking that leads to true accomplishment - at work and at home. Everyone faces challenges. And every person, organization, company, and team will have to overcome negativity and adversity to define themselves and create their success.
Think of The War of Art as tough love...for yourself. Since 2002, The War of Art has inspired people around the world to defeat "resistance"; to recognize and knock down dream-blocking barriers and to silence the naysayers within us. Resistance kicks everyone's butt, and the desire to defeat it is equally as universal. The War of Art identifies the enemy that every one of us must face, outlines a battle plan to conquer this internal foe, then pinpoints just how to achieve the greatest success.
Author Scott Alexander wants you to wake up tomorrow morning as a full-grown, 6,000-pound rhinoceros! Rhinos have purpose. Rhinos have dreams. And rhinos put everything they've got into everything they do. If you have ever thought I can do better, if you have ever felt the stirrings of rhino blood in your veins and your heart quicken at the scent of success, then you are ready. Listen to Rhinoceros Success and get charging!
Dave Ramsey says, "I believe in this book so much that I require my team to read it when they start working on my team." Scott Alexander has discovered the REAL secret of success: becoming a rhinoceros. Read it and go rhino!
Host microbiomes play a role in hormone production and subsequent fertility in humans, but this is less well understood in non-model organisms. This is of particular relevance to species in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes, as relationships between host microbiome composition and reproductive output may allow for the development of microbial augmentation strategies to improve success. Here, we characterise faecal bacterial communities of breeding and non-breeding eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantify progestagen and glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations through enzyme immunoassays to identify such relationships.
Our results indicate that many members of the gut microbiome of black rhino are associated with hormone production and breeding success, and some members of the rare microbiota appear to be particularly important. Although the directionality of the relationship is unclear, the variation in gut microbiome communities represents a potential biomarker of reproductive health. We identified four genera that were associated with multiple indicators of reproductive output; these could be candidate probiotics to improve the breeding success of black rhino in zoo-based conservation breeding programmes. Further work is required to understand the efficacy and feasibility of this, either directly through microbial augmentation (e.g. probiotics) or indirectly via dietary manipulation or prebiotics.
Given the importance of host microbiota in human health and reproduction, we have a poor understanding of these relationships in other species. More recently, interactions between host microbiomes and hormone production have been identified in non-human and non-model organisms. Noguera et al. [21] reported the loss of gastrointestinal bacterial taxa in yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) with experimentally elevated corticosterone levels. Stothart et al. [22] show that higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations are associated with reduced oral bacterial diversity in wild red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), and similarly, the abundance of particular bacterial genera was either positively or negatively correlated with faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in free-ranging western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) [23]. As with humans, these patterns extend beyond the gut microbiome for other species. Miller et al. [24] identified significant differences in the vaginal microbiome of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) according to reproductive state (i.e. pregnancy, cycling and postpartum amenorrhea). The authors also showed that the microbiome altered across the ovarian cycle, with a particularly distinct microbiome characterised by high abundance of Streptococcus, Trichococcus, Sneathia and Bifidobacterium during ovulation [24]; however, the significance of such changes for reproductive success is not known.
Black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) are a particularly interesting study system in which to identify relationships between gut microbiota and hormone production. Wild populations are under considerable threat due to poaching for their horns, with approximately 5000 individuals remaining in the wild across a highly fragmented landscape, including only 900 of the eastern black rhino (D. b. michaeli) subspecies [35]. Therefore, captive populations are vital to ensure the survival of this species and in the long term, provide individuals for reintroduction [36]. Captive black rhino have, however, suffered historically from low and inconsistent reproductive output caused by irregular ovarian activity and obesity [37, 38]. In addition, temperament differences are associated with higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations [37], particularly in nulliparous females. Given the links between microbiome composition, hormone production and reproductive output, identifying components of the microbiome associated with fertility may provide insight into mechanisms that regulate breeding success in this critically endangered species.
Using faecal samples from captive black rhino, we characterised microbiome composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and identified relationships with glucocorticoid and progestogen metabolites. Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) differences in microbiome composition are associated with rhino ID, institution, ovarian cycle phase (follicular, luteal, pregnancy or post-parturition) and historical breeding success; (ii) microbiome composition varies according to faecal hormone metabolite concentrations; and (iii) particular microbial taxa are associated with breeding success and ovarian cycle phase.
NMDS plots of rhino microbiomes plotted according to a ID, b institution, c reproductive success and d cycle phase. Smaller dots indicate individual samples and larger filled circles indicate group centroids
Relationships between the gut microbiome and hormone production are increasingly well-characterised in humans and model organisms, although less so in non-model organisms, particularly those of high conservation concern. Here we show that the microbiome of captive black rhino is significantly associated with ID, institution, reproductive success and ovarian cycle phase. In addition, a number of bacterial genera are linked to higher faecal hormone metabolite concentrations, reproductive success, and ovarian cycle phase.
We show that progestagen and glucocorticoid metabolites are correlated in black rhino, and find evidence that both glucocorticoids and progestagens are higher during the luteal phase than the follicular phase, and both are much higher during pregnancy. Hormone production is known to vary temporally for host organisms; for example, parous Asian elephants exhibit cyclic changes in glucocorticoids, peaking during the follicular phase, and faecal oestrogen and glucocorticoid metabolites are positively correlated in female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) [34]. We also provide novel evidence that gut microbial communities change concurrently across the different phases of the ovarian cycle in black rhino; in particular, the gut microbiome during pregnancy and post-parturition are significantly different. These changes in microbiome composition appear to be, in part, linked to differences in hormone concentration. We show that nearly a third of all bacterial genera have a relationship, albeit weak, with either faecal progestagen or glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, indicating numerous complex interactions between members of the host microbiome and associated host hormone profiles. Such interactions, in addition to host and environmental influences, can have considerable implications for the metabolite profiles of microbiomes and subsequent host physiology [56, 57]. Thus, although we also find specific members of the microbial community linked to multiple measures of reproductive success, the composition of a considerable portion of the entire microbiome appears to interact with downstream hormone production and reproductive success [58]. Although these patterns are informative, we are not able to identify the directionality between microbiome composition and reproductive traits (including breeding success, pregnancy and hormone concentrations) and thus, it is not clear whether microbiome composition is affected by the physiological changes associated with pregnancy or whether the differences in microbiome composition are a driver of breeding success. Further work is required to understand how these complex microbial communities work together to influence hormone production and reproductive success, as well as the implications of these for microbial profiles and subsequently other fitness traits in hosts. Moreover, because faecal samples can be non-invasively sampled, there is the potential for using the composition of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for both gut and reproductive health in captive and wild animals. 2ff7e9595c
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